Chapter 4
Pay As
You Drive
Mobile money meets electric mobility. How African fintech is unlocking EV access for millions.
The financing gap
Electric vehicles have a problem in Africa: they cost too much upfront. A new electric motorcycle might save a rider money over time compared to petrol, but the initial purchase price is often two to three times what they could afford.
Traditional bank financing isn't an option for most boda-boda riders. They lack credit histories, formal employment records, or collateral. The informal economy that employs most African workers is invisible to conventional lenders.
“Our riders don't have bank accounts. But they all have M-Pesa. That's where we meet them.”
Case Study
M-KOPA: From solar to motorcycles
Solar beginnings
M-KOPA launches with pay-as-you-go solar home systems, proving that daily mobile money payments can finance assets for low-income customers.
Electric expansion
M-KOPA enters the electric motorcycle market, applying their proven financing model to two-wheelers. Riders make daily payments via M-Pesa.
Market leadership
M-KOPA finances two-thirds of all electric motorcycles in Kenya. Their IoT-enabled bikes can be remotely locked if payments lapse.
Building credit histories
Successful motorcycle financing creates credit records that open doors to other financial products—bank accounts, loans, insurance.
How pay-as-you-drive works
The model is elegantly simple. A rider puts down a small deposit—often just 10-20% of the vehicle cost. The motorcycle is equipped with IoT hardware that tracks location, usage, and enables remote locking.
Every day, the rider makes a mobile money payment—typically the equivalent of $2-4. The motorcycle stays unlocked and operational. Miss a payment, and the bike locks until the balance is cleared.
After 18-24 months of consistent payments, the rider owns the motorcycle outright. More importantly, they've built a credit history that traditional financial institutions can recognize.
Beyond Two-Wheelers
Leasing electric buses
The financing innovation extends beyond motorcycles. BasiGo in Kenya has pioneered a full-service leasing model for electric buses, removing nearly all operational complexity from transit operators.
Under their model, bus operators pay a fixed per-kilometer rate that includes the vehicle lease, charging, maintenance, and even driver training. There's no large capital outlay, no charging infrastructure to build, no new maintenance capabilities to develop.
This Mobility-as-a-Service approach has enabled BasiGo to deploy over 15 electric buses in Nairobi, with plans for significant expansion. For transit operators used to the unpredictability of fuel costs and maintenance expenses, the fixed-cost model is transformative.
Financing innovators
M-KOPA
Pay-as-you-go electric motorcycles. 67% market share in Kenya.
BasiGo
Full-service electric bus leasing for transit operators.
Tugende
Asset financing for boda-boda riders across East Africa.
d.light
Solar-to-EV financing leveraging existing customer networks.